Jamaican Patois and the Power of Language in Reggae Music...

Jamaican Patois and the Power of Language in Reggae Music Introduction Creole languages are found all over the world on every continent. When two or more languages come into contact to form a new language a Creole language is born. Some type of human upheaval that forces people to find a way to communicate, without using their own languages, stimulates the creation of a Creole language. In the case of Creole languages in the Caribbean, the upheaval is the past history of slavery. Most Creole languages are based on one language. In Jamaica the African slaves were thrown into a situation where the only common means of communication was English, or at least broken English, therefor Jamaican Creole has a majority of its roots in†¦show more content†¦Language in Jamaica today reflects the history of the country’s interaction with a variety of cultures and languages from many ethnic, linguistic, and social backgrounds. Aside from the Arawaks, the original inhabitants of Jamaica, all people were exiles or children of exiles. Over 90% of the 2.5 million people living in Jamaica today are descendants of slaves brought from western Africa by the British. The local Jamaican language is a reflection of a history of contact with a variety of speakers, but the official language remains to be Standard English (Pryce, 1997). The most influential speakers were immigrants from Africa and Europe. Kwa, Manding, and Kru are amongst the variety of prominent African languages apparent in Jamaican history. Early Modern English was brought to the Caribbean by sailors, soldiers, indentured servants, convicts, and settlers (lower-class whites) in the form of regional and non-standard dialects. For the most part Early Modern English was highly conservative (Lalla and D’Costa, 1989). Today in Jamaica, Jamaican patois falls at one extreme of the linguistic spectrum while Standard English lies at the other end of the spectrum. The majority of the population falls in between the two (Adams, 1991). At one end there is the educated modelShow MoreRelatedEssay about Jamaican Patois4705 Words   |  19 PagesJamaican Patois Jamaican Patois, otherwise known as Patwa, Afro. Jamaican, just plain Jamaican or, Creole, is a language that has been until quite recently referred to asungrammatical English.(Adams, 199 1, p . I 1) Creole languages are actually not unique to Jamaica, they are found on every continent although their speakers often do not realize what they are. The rest of the terms refer strictly to Jamaican Creole. Creoles are languages that usually form as the result of some human upheavalRead MoreDub Poetry in and from Jamaica9895 Words   |  40 PagesDevelopment of Dub Poetry 3 2.1 The Development of Jamaican Creole – Short Overview 3 2.2 The Oral Tradition 4 2.3 From the B-side of a Record via â€Å"Toasting† to Dub Poetry 6 3 The Correlation of the Rastafarians, Reggae and Dub 9 3.1 The Rastafarians 9 3.2 The Peculiarity of Dub 10 3.3 Artists and Scenes 12 3.3.1 The Jamaican Scene 12 3.3.2 The British Scene 13 3.3.3 The Canadian Scene 14 4. Structural Characteristics of Dub Poetry 15 4.1 Patois – the Language 15 4.2 Rhythm 15 4.3 Performance 17 5 LinguisticRead MoreEssay on Hip-hop, Reggae, and Politics5105 Words   |  21 PagesHip-hop, Reggae, and Politics Introduction Music is an art form and source of power. Many forms of music reflect culture and society, as well as, containing political content and social message. Music as social change has been highlighted throughout the 20th century. In the 1960s the United States saw political and socially oriented folk music discussing the Vietnam War and other social issues. In Jamaica during the 1970s and 1980s reggae developed out of the Ghetto’s of Trench town andRead More Discontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and Hip-hop5489 Words   |  22 PagesDiscontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and Hip-hop In cultures all over the world, music can be seen encompassing many aspects of life for many individuals. It is a form of mass communication thatspeaks directly to society as a cultural form, and often reflects a collection and pattern of personal experiences (King 19). Music is so influential because it communicates on three different levels: the physical, emotional, and cognitive. Not only does it operate in a nondiscursive way, byRead MoreJamaica1187 Words   |  5 Pagesto its evolving knowledge in regards to solar power. We have witnessed a progress in efforts concerning access to a more efficient and safe means of solar energy. The United States is our home land and initiatives of sharing our knowledge abroad have been encouraged through the idea of globalizing our product. Jamaica’s representation as our host country is due in part to its yearning desire to attract more foreign investment. Since 1998, the Jamaican government has liberated its market in hopesRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesemergence of Rastafarianism and the history of resistance and black consciousness that has been part of the Jamaican experience for years. The truth is that there has always been a committed Jamaican counter- culture that celebrates and sees redemption in Africa and rejects the European values that have oppressed a society. But prior to the advent of popular culture and especially the music recording business in the late twentieth century, its apparatus of cultural formation was controlled fullyRead MoreIs Linton Kwesi Johnson A Modern Classic English Poet?1934 Words   |  8 PagesIs Linton Kwesi Johnson a Modern Classic English poet? Introduction Paragraph 1: â€Å"The last time Linton Kwesi Johnson was honoured in Britain, he made front-page news. When one broadsheet announced that the ‘reggae radical’ had become the second living poet – and the only black one – to be published in the Penguin Modern Classic Series, alongside the likes of Yeats †¦ the outrage in some quarters was instant. One academic complained that the publishers were ‘messing with the canon’.† (Morrison 2012)Read MoreConstructing My Cultural Identity6012 Words   |  25 Pagesnoir, ainsi que sur la pensà ©e anticoloniale. Introduction The purpose of this article is to examine the forces that have shaped my identity as a child of the African diaspora, first growing up in the Caribbean and then the encounter between my Jamaican culture and the Canadian cultural context. I attempt to address the following questions: How has my identity been formed? What parts of my life have been honored, and what parts are excluded and why? How does society view me versus my own definition

Strategic Choice and Evaluation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1532 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Strategic Choice and Evaluation American Medical Response (AMR) is in business to provide pre-hospital services to private, public, county and municipal government entities. AMR was founded by Paul M. Verrochi an entrepreneur from Boston, MA. When Verrochi created AMR, he did not have any experience in the operation of an ambulance company. However, he was very successful in building companies into large organizations. Verrochi wanted to create the largest private ambulance provider, which he grew in to the first nationwide ambulance provider. In the 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s AMRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s growth strategy was to acquire the strongest, best-managed ambulance providers in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“beachheadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  markets and then expanding further to adjacent service areas by acquiring ambulance companies or by responding to request for proposals. Under this new strategy, AMR senior management would identify potential local targets for acquisition. The strategic method that an organization selects to operate determines the success of the organization. According to Favaro,Rangan,and Hirsh (2012) business strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“isthe result of choices to maximize long-term valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (para. 1). This paper will evaluate the strategic alternatives available to AMR for future growth by identifying the best fitting generic strategy, and grand strategy for the organization. In addition, a series of recommend strategies will be outlined for AMR to potentially implement. Value Discipline Michael Treacy and Fred Wiersema,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  believe that strategies must center on delivering superior customer value through one of three value disciplines: operational excellence, customer intimacy, or product leadershipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Pearce Robinson, 2013). Each of the value disciplines are detailed below. Operational Excellence The operational excellence methodology is the first of the value disciplines which focuses on organizations providin g excellent customer service, timely delivery of services that encourage competitive market pricing. According to Pearce and Robinson (2013), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A company that follows this strategy attempts to lead its industry in price and convenience by pursuing a focus on lean and efficient operationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (p. 198). AMR can use this method to help in decreasing costs by using available lean methods designed for eliminating waste, further reducing overhead spending, service delivery improvements, staffing alignment with services, and services improvements as it relates to providing pre-hospital care. The method can also assist in monitoring of all spending activities and supplies that are used for patient care. Customer Intimacy The customer intimacy approach is the second in the values disciplines method. This approach seeks to develop long-term relationships between the organization and their customers by creating service loyalty. AMR can use this approach create ma de to fit services that are dependent on the service area, special coverage for events that are coordinated by the customer and community programs that teach individuals about safe tips. According to Pearce and Robinson (2013), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Customer-intimate companies are willing to spend money now to build customer loyalty for the long term, considering each customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lifetime value to the company, not the profit of any single transactionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (p. 198). AMRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s use of this approach is in the tailoring of each the contracts to the individual customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs. Every community is different and requires different services that are provided to their communities. For example, AMR formed a swift water rescue team in Golden, CO due the needs of their customer. In another community AMR provides transportation to patrons that are intoxicated in a specialized van, which will transport them safely to location to sober up, at fracti on of the cost of an ambulance transport. The organization that decide to use this approach typically maintains a loyal customer following, with customer relationships that are productive and long standing. Customer that work with organizations using this approach also know that they can rely on the company to provide the best service. Product Leadership The product leadership approach is the last of the three methods of value disciplines which seek for the organization to be the forerunners of service innovation, therefore producing and creating quality services that appeal to the customer in the competitive market. Organizations use this method to promote, and market their services before their competitors or other entering the industry attempt to the take the lead. AMR is the industry leader in several services that are focused on pre-hospital care. One of these services is community paramedicine, which is certified paramedics with advance training whom can provided acute c are to patients in rural area in need of medical services, but have no other means of receiving this care. This approach is also considered the most competitive of the value discipline strategies however, it does comes with an advantage, and it is one of the leading elements needed in preserving and gaining a competitive advantages and sustaining future growth. Generic Strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Generic Strategy: a core idea about how a firm can best compete in the marketplaceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Pearce Robinson, 2013, p.195). The benefit of the generic strategy approach is that can be applied to organizations of all types and sizes. Many organizations implement the generic strategy for long term planning for a competitive advantage by using one of the three strategies; low-cost leadership, differentiation, and focus to help drive growth. Cost Leadership Strategy The cost leadership strategy strives to improve profit margins by reducing the costs of services while allowing th e organization to still charge market prices. This approach also focuses on increasing the market shares by lower pricing, further allowing the organization to continue to reach profits due to reduced costs. As with any business the goal is to minimize cost directly associated to the organization when providing the delivery of services. Differentiation strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Strategies dependent on differentiation are designed to appeal to customers with a special sensitivity for a particular product attributeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Pearce Robinson, 2013, p.197). This approach appeals to customers who prefer premium services and are looking for a service that is not offered by a competitor. Differentiation strategies focuses on its loyal customers and to often markets to a specific group, where money is not in short supply. The customer and internal expectations are of the uppermost quality and the differentiation approach accommodates those needs. Focus Strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Å“A focus strategy, whether anchored in a low-cost base or a differentiation base, attempts to attend to the needs of a particular market segment (Pearce Robinson, 2013, p.197). Organization that have a focus strategy often serve an isolated market, serving customers who have difficulty receiving the services or are need of a particular service. Grand Strategy The grand strategy approach serves as a long-term guide for all strategic business objectives. According to Pearce and Robinson (2011) Grand strategies, sometimes called master or business strategies, provide basic direction for strategic actions (p.200). There are 15 principal grand strategy approaches that may be adopted as a means to alternatives for achieving optimal success. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The 15 principal grand strategies are concentrated growth, market development, product development, innovation, horizontal acquisition, vertical acquisition, concentric diversification, conglomerate diversification, turnaroun d, divestiture, liquidation, bankruptcy, joint ventures, strategic alliances, and consortiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Pearce Robinson, 2013, p. 200). Depending the on the long term strategy, any one the strategies listed could serve an organization in achieving their long-term goals. Each of the prinical grand strategies have their strengths and weakness for which the organization will have to the risk and reward balance when implementing. Recommendations for America Medical Response AMR is the largest private ambulance provider in the United States, which includes operations in 40 states, including the District of Columbia. The ambulance industry is extremely fragmented, with over 15,000 public, private and not-for-profit service providers in the United States. AMRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s vision is, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Our customers count on and appreciate our reliability, the quality of medical care we provide, our dedication to relationships that benefit all and the efficiency with which we operateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (American Medical Response, 2014). Because their vision their commitment to making a difference in the communities they serve, it is recommended that they implement the generic strategies that promotes low-cost leadership and service differentiation strategies. This recommendation is because of the differences in service areas AMR serves and the current health care economic outlook surrounding the Affordable Care Act. AMR operates in urban and rural settings, the low-cost leadership strategies will require unique preparation and planning in order to use low-cost advantages, especially in rural markets where health care is not readily available the community. The differentiation strategies will help AMR stand out from the more than 15,000 ambulance providers in the United States. Implementing these strategies will allow AMR effectively manage their services charge more competitive prices, increasing their profit margins and creating a competitive advantage over their competitors. Conclusion As identified in the paper an organization needs evaluate their strategies to further realize profitable growth. As each organization identifies their strategies, whether generic or grand, the process may need adjustments as they progress. The recommendations of low-cost leadership and service differentiation strategies to remain dominant private ambulance provider in the nation, with a competitive advantage over the competition and to maintain profitability in the future. Reference American Medical Response. (2014). American Medical Response, AMR the nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s leading medical transportation company. Index. Retrieved from https://www.amr.net Favaro,K., Rangan,K., Hirsh,E. (2012, May 29). Strategy: An Executiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Definition. Retrieved from https://www.strategy-business.com/article/cs00002?gko=d59c2 Pearce, J. A. Robinson, R. B. (2013). Strategic Management: Planning for Domestic and Global Competitio n (13th ed). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Strategic Choice and Evaluation" essay for you Create order

Detection Capabilities Of Endpoint Antivirus Solutions

Many enterprises have trouble discovering advanced threats because they exclusively rely on the limited detection capabilities of endpoint antivirus solutions. The figure below demonstrates how signatures are significantly better at discovering opportunistic attackers. This is because opportunistic attackers find value in scale. Their objective is to compromise as many endpoints as possible—and as a result—are likely to have a signature developed shortly thereafter. The advanced attacker—who only targets a finite number of assets needed to accomplish a specific mission—can remain below the detection threshold and go significant amounts of time without registering a signature, if they register one at all. Additionally, an advanced attacker can move laterally to more critical systems in an attempt to escalate their privileges within an environment. If the attacker succeeds, they can come and go as they please within a given enterprise â€Å"living off the land† by leveraging built-in tools to reduce the number of new executables—reducing the amount of change they introduce into the environment. As a result, the attacker can persist for long periods of time by adding more user and system accounts. By proactively deploying continuous data collection to track an attacker’s every move, and classifying threats by leveraging robust threat intelligence, enterprises can hunt across the attacker’s entire kill chain. The example below also illustrates the shortcomings of endpointShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Technology Product Review For Endpoint Protection Solutions819 Words   |  4 Pages Technology Product Review for Endpoint Protection Solutions Jake A. Hughes University of Maryland University College Technology Product Review for Endpoint Protection Solutions Our client is looking for an upgrade to their current security program, Microsoft Windows Defender and Microsoft Windows Firewall. They are looking for an endpoint protection platform (EPP) that is capable of running on Windows 8/8.1 operating systems (OS) and be able to: automatically update, be deployedRead MoreWhat Are The Differenceibility Of A SIEM Tools : What Is The Shreats?1200 Words   |  5 Pagesis utilizing Security Information and Event Management tools SIEM detection: New attack vectors and vulnerabilities are discovered every day. As previously discussed firewalls, IDS and Intrusion Protection Systems (IPS) hunt for malicious activity at various points across the network from the perimeter to endpoints. Taking the search to another level, a SIEM solution has the capability to detect zero-day attacks. 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The Great Stories By Edgar Allan Poe - 1238 Words

In the mid-19th century, exploration of the new America was popular among the people. Poets during this time liked to write about adventure and new pristine worlds untouched by man. Edgar Allan Poe on the other hand used his own style of writing, that used dark symbolism and complex plots to excite the readers. Having seen death and understanding the feeling it brings, Poe had an easy time writing the great stories/poems that we know today. In the years of 1835-1845 the United States was in the process of expanding their nation and fixing the economy. The expansion of the United States continued with the annexation of California and the annexation of the Republic of Texas. In 1845 the annexation of Texas from Mexico finally took place after the Texas Revolution. Then in 1848 the Mexican-American war ended, the outcome of the war was America receiving California and New Mexico. In this time period, there was also the Crisis of 1837, which was a financial recession that sent the U .S. prices and wages down while sending unemployment up. The crisis was a cause of economic expansion, which was a cascade of events from tariffs rising, land prices increasing, and too much silver and gold was being brought into the States from Mexico. With all of the expansion and hardship, the people of this decade tried to distract themselves with exciting stories and poems that were written in newspapers. Poets of this decade took advantage of the situation they were dealt with by makingShow MoreRelatedThe Great Writer And Creator Of Short Stories By Edgar Allan Poe963 Words   |  4 PagesGreat American writer and creator of short stories, Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston on January 19, 1809. According to Charles E. 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The works of Edgar Allan PoeRead MoreInfluence That Endures Ever More: Edgar Allan Poe908 Words   |  4 PagesInfluence That Endures Ever More: Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe once said, â€Å"Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality.† Edgar Allan Poe was one of the most influential people in literary history and his words had the great power to impress the mind. More than 150 years after the death of Edgar Allan Poe, his writings are still influencing and inspiring writers today. Edgar Allan Poe was one of the a greatest literary influences of the 19th century and

Nu Shu †The Women’s Writing of China Free Essays

Nu Shu, also known as the women’s writing of China, was a major part of Chinese women’s lives throughout the 20th century. Unlike any other writing, it is the only known hidden written language. Women used Nu Shu as a way to escape from the oppressive outside world and enter into a peaceful state of mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Nu Shu – The Women’s Writing of China or any similar topic only for you Order Now Life was hard enough for women; it’s scary to think how hard Nu Shu was probably the most commonly valued thing for women in China during this time period. It was valued so much because it was used to share women’s miseries. China was ruled by men, and women were nothing more than ousewives and sometime field workers. What made it so special was that only women knew about it. It was a written language expressed by songs and stories. Any other language besides Chinese was forbidden by Emperors. Women couldn’t use any form of education, so it had to be formed in secret. Having been something only women knew, it was an easy way for them to express their hardships and sufferings. Every woman at that time was going through the same thing, so it was seen as the easiest way for women to let out their feelings. Males dominated society completely, and Nu Shu was the nly true form of power that women had. If it had been leaked to the public, not only would it have been banned, but many women would have been sent to jail and killed if found using it. Women were beaten and abused to the point where a good day in marriage was a day you cried. Marriages were always arranged, and many women didn’t even have feelings towards their husbands. They had to put up with the abuse and couldn’t complain. At any point in time, a man could tell his wife what to do and when to do it. Women had no say in the government, their marriage, and in everyday society. The only time they could speak freely was when writing in Nu Shu. Their only audience willing to listen was other women, and Nu Shu was the only way to get in touch with other women without anyone finding out. Whether or not Nu Shu was good or bad is often debated. I happen to think it was good for many reasons. Women weren’t educated in any way. Nu Shu was the closest thing they had to education. With education comes power, and that was exactly what women needed. In a time when men ruled society, power is everything. While it wasn’t power that everyone recognized, it helped women have better mindsets. In a way, it was creating a more equal society for these women. Equal was definitely something the Chinese culture wasn’t centered around, but it was something all women strived for one day. It was often believed that Nu Shu taught women to accept their suffering, but I actually think it was the opposite. No women would ever accept that feet binding were okay, or that the beatings from their husbands should be allowed. Instead, they learned how to cope with these struggles. Knowing how to handle yourself in bad times is a very good quality to have. When thrown a curveball in life, instead of sulking about t, the better thing to do is to take a step back and learn how to deal with it. I think that is something people in Western society do well and in the long run made the Chinese women stronger. Unfortunately, the last living person proficient in Nu Shu died several years ago. I think it’s a shame that Nu Shu is closer to being extinct. While the actual writing itself may have no significance to anyone in today’s world, I think a great lesson can be learned from it. It’s fascinating how long women were successful in keeping it a secret, and overall made the Chinese women stronger people. How to cite Nu Shu – The Women’s Writing of China, Papers

In Poems The Man He Killed, Reconciliation, and Dreamers, the Authors Essay Example For Students

In Poems The Man He Killed, Reconciliation, and Dreamers, the Authors Essay In Poems The Man He Killed, Reconciliation, and Dreamers, the Authors ShowThat Man Kills Because He MustIn Poems The Man He Killed, Reconciliation, and Dreamers, the Authors ShowThat Man Kills Because He MustIn the chosen poems, Thomas Hardy, Walt Whitman, and Sigfried Sassooneach have a common viewpoint: war brings out the worst in man, a feeling burieddeep inside the heart. Even with this clotting of the mind due to the twistingways of war, a flicker of remorse, a dream of someplace, something else stillexists within the rational thought. These poems express hope, the hope that warwill not be necessary. They show that man only kills because he must, notbecause of some inbred passion for death. These three authors express thisviewpoint in their own ways in their poems: The Man He Killed,Reconciliation, and Dreamers. In The Man He Killed, Hardy speaks about the absurdity of war. He givesa narrative of how he kills a foe, and that this foe could be a friend ifthey met by some old ancient inn, instead of the battlefield. Hardy saysquaint and curious war isyou shoot a fellow down youd treat if metwhere any bar is In this Hardy speaks how war twists the mind, and alsomakes you kill people you have no personal vendetta against. In Reconciliation, Whitman shows the devastation of war. In a war, youkill someone and even if you win, you lose. Whitman describes a man mourningover the death of his foe. He rejoices over the ultimate death of warBeautiful that war and all its deeds of carnage mustbe utterly lost. Healso feels great remorse over his so called enemys death For my enemya mandivine as myself is dead. He then shows his love for the enemy Ibend downand touch lightly with my lips the white face in the coffin. He shows wartwisting the mind of a soldier who then deeply regretted his actions. In Dreamers, Sassoon shows the soldiers dreaming of heavenly places,while at the same time they are at war. Yet these heavenly places are things wetake for granted everyday, such as clean beds, picture shows, or firelithomes. These men have learned to appreciate them, and now are their everydaydreams, while they are in foul dug-outs, gnawed by rats, and in the ruinedtrenches, lashed with rain. There isnt hate in this poem usually associatedwith war, there is a common dream among all soldiers fearing their life. In these poems we see a common thread, the distortion of the mind,through war. In The Man He Killed, we see Hardys view of war twisting the mindand forcing soldiers to kill men they have no personal vendetta against. InReconciliation, we see Whitmans view of soldiers minds being twisted in orderto achieve an apparent win, but in reality both sides have lost. In Dreamers,we see Sassoons view of the common soldier dreaming of places where theydrather be, rather than fearing their life with every step they take. In this wesee the common theme of war twisting and distorting the minds of those involvedas well as a dream of these soldiers forced to kill against their personal willbut because they must.