Thomas Hobbes and John Lockes Varying Presentations of...

Both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are well-known political philosophers and social contract theorists. Social Contract Theory is, â€Å"the hypothesis that one’s moral obligations are dependent upon an implicit agreement between individuals to form a society.† (IEP, Friend). Both Hobbes and Locke are primarily known for their works concerning political philosophy, namely Hobbes’ Leviathan and Locke’s Two Treatise of Government. Both works contain a different view of a State of Nature and lay out social contracts designed to neutralize the chaos inherent in that state. Though Hobbes and Locke have a different understanding of the State of Nature, they share similar social contracts, except with regards to representation and the role of the†¦show more content†¦Because of this, Hobbes argues, it is impossible for anyone to live a more fulfilling life or improve their lives and no morality exists because self-preservation comes before all else. As a result of Hobbes’ definition of the State of Nature, his views on the role of government and representation are thus: Hobbes believes that the role of the government is to impose law and order on a populace in order to keep man’s natural state of war at bay. Government is created for the sole purpose of neutralizing Hobbes’ State of Nature and their creation is thus meant to allow people the opportunity to pursue improving their lives without mortal fear at every moment. As a result of his stated role of government, Hobbes’ social contract leaves no room for representation by the people. Hobbes’ preferred government would be an absolute monarchy because according to Hobbes’ State of Nature, men need to be controlled, and that is all. Hobbes’ view on government is that it is meant to maintain order, not pander to the will of the people. Hobbes believes that because the State of Nature is so chaotic and brutal, that without a powerful a nd solitary sovereign who wields complete and utter authority, any form of a social contract would be ineffective. Hobbes believes that because of the State of Nature, specifically the aspect where all people are equally capable of harming others, having multiple rulers or â€Å"sovereigns† would only intensify the alreadyShow MoreRelatedIn This Essay, I Will Examine Social Contract Theory And1619 Words   |  7 Pages In this essay, I will examine social contract theory and explain the perspectives of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. From there, I will explore Dostoyevsky’s poem, Grand Inquisitor, and conduct an analysis of the relationships between the Grand Inquisitor and his subjects as well as Jesus and his followers. After, I will draw parallels associating The Grand Inquisitor’s relationship to his subjects with Thomas Hobbes’ perspective on social contract theory. Similarly, I will analogize Jesus’ relationship

Rizal Chapter 22 Free Essays

ZAMBOANGA CITY STATE POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION R. T. Lim Boulevard Zamboanga city Name: ___________________________ Date: ______ Year and Section: __________________Score: ______ Midterm Examination in Civil Technology 1 Test 1: Multiple Choice Direction: encircle the letter of the correct answer. We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal Chapter 22 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. This is a kind of saw that is used for ripping purposes a. crosscut saw c. rip saw b. miter sawd. dovetail saw 2. The kind of chisel with a light duty tool used to plane long surfaces parallel with the grain of the wood. a. Paring chiselc. Pocket chisel b. firming chiseld. Mill chisel 3. A chisel with heavy duty tool adopted to withstand severe strain, as in framing work and where deep cuts are necessary. a. pocket chiselc. Paring chisel b. firming chiseld. Mill chisel 4. The kind of saw that is being used for crosscutting purposes. a. miter sawc. Rip saw c. dovetail sawd. Crosscut saw 5. A kind of rough facing tools which is generally used for sharpening stakes and cutting down timber to rough sizes. a. ship adzec. Hatchet b. broadd. Claw hammer 6. The other name for smooth facing tools is? a. driving toolsc. Rough facing tools b. tooth cutting toolsd. Edge cutting tools 7. The plane that consist of 28 to 30 inches long is the? a. jointer planec. Fore plane b. jack paned. Smooth plane 8. A classification of tools that are specially design to make hole in wood. a. tooth cutting toolsc. Smooth cutting tools b. boring tools d. Edge cutting tools 9. It is a kind of plane that is being used for making a sinking cut on wood to make them fit to each other. a. rabbet planec. Grooving plane . fillister planed. Router 10. This is a kind of boring tools which is small and used for punching or piercing small holes. it is generally used in starting a nail or screw into hardwood. a. brad awlc. Auger b. gimletd. Cutter bit Test 11: Modified True or False Direction: Write the word true if the answer is true, and change the underline word of the statement if the answer is false. Write your answer on the space provided for. 1. Vice is a table to ol used to hold a piece of material rigidly secured in place to absorb severe elbows. _____________ 2. Compass is used in dividing distances into equal parts such as an arc and circumference including straight lines. ___________ 3. Scriber is made up of hard ended steel with a sharp point design to mark a fine lines. __________ 4. Clamps is effective in tightly pressing pieces of wood or metal together in making tenon, mortise and other joints. _________ 5. Fillester plane is used in cutting across the wood grain. _________ 6. Claw hammer is a hand tool with head and shank used for turning screws. ________ 7. Wrenches are tools with hand and jaw which may be fitted to the head of the nut used to tighten or loosen the bolts. __________ 8. Oil stone is used after the grinding operation to achieve a smooth and keen edge of the tools. ________ 9. Rough facing tools are also called striking tools. _________ 10. In carpentry we use Level both for guiding and testing the work to a vertical or horizontal position. _________ Test 111: Fill in the blank Direction: Choose the correct answer on the box and write it in the blank. Strength Hardness Durability Cleavability Wood Lumbering Skidding Bucking Board Heart Shakes| 1. The defects in wood that is usually occur at the starting point of the limb or branch Of the wood is called the ___________. 2. The _________ are radial cracks originating at the heart of the logs. 3. We used the term _________ to the operation performed in preparing wood for commercial purposes. . The process of sawing into smaller pieces after the removal of the branches is what we called the _________. 5. Te term ________ means that pieces of logs are moved to an assembly area, loaded to transport equipment then carried out of the forest to a sawmill. 6. As applied to wood, ________ means the ability to resist decay or simply the end of its life under a given condition. 7. The resistance of the wood to cleavage along the grains is the _________. 8. ________ is expressed as resistance to indentation or to the saw or axe across the grain. . A ________ is a fibrous substance which compose s the trunk and branches of a tree that lies between the pitch and the bark. 10. In the preparation of wood, ________ is a piece of lumber less than 1-1/2 inches thick and at least 4 inches wide. Test 1V: Identification Direction: Identify the correct answer to the statement below. 1. ________ the kind of tool used for marking and testing work which has 90 degree angle. 2. ________ is a tool which has a combination of 45 and 90 degree angle. 3. ________ the longer and wider part of the framing square. . ________ this is the shorter and narrower part of the square. 5. ________ the point of the square which the tongue and body meet on the outside edge. 6. ________ is a device used as guide of the handsaw in cutting objects to form a miter joint. 7. ________ a metal tool used to check or obtain a vertical line. 8. ________ double bevel square used to divide an angle in a complicated work in one setting. 9. ________ a marking tool with round head used for marking rough works. 10. ______ _ is a kind of marking tool that is used to inscribe an arc or a circle. How to cite Rizal Chapter 22, Essay examples Rizal Chapter 22 Free Essays ZAMBOANGA CITY STATE POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION R. T. Lim Boulevard Zamboanga city Name: ___________________________ Date: ______ Year and Section: __________________Score: ______ Midterm Examination in Civil Technology 1 Test 1: Multiple Choice Direction: encircle the letter of the correct answer. We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal Chapter 22 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. This is a kind of saw that is used for ripping purposes a. crosscut saw c. rip saw b. miter sawd. dovetail saw 2. The kind of chisel with a light duty tool used to plane long surfaces parallel with the grain of the wood. a. Paring chiselc. Pocket chisel b. firming chiseld. Mill chisel 3. A chisel with heavy duty tool adopted to withstand severe strain, as in framing work and where deep cuts are necessary. a. pocket chiselc. Paring chisel b. firming chiseld. Mill chisel 4. The kind of saw that is being used for crosscutting purposes. a. miter sawc. Rip saw c. dovetail sawd. Crosscut saw 5. A kind of rough facing tools which is generally used for sharpening stakes and cutting down timber to rough sizes. a. ship adzec. Hatchet b. broadd. Claw hammer 6. The other name for smooth facing tools is? a. driving toolsc. Rough facing tools b. tooth cutting toolsd. Edge cutting tools 7. The plane that consist of 28 to 30 inches long is the? a. jointer planec. Fore plane b. jack paned. Smooth plane 8. A classification of tools that are specially design to make hole in wood. a. tooth cutting toolsc. Smooth cutting tools b. boring tools d. Edge cutting tools 9. It is a kind of plane that is being used for making a sinking cut on wood to make them fit to each other. a. rabbet planec. Grooving plane . fillister planed. Router 10. This is a kind of boring tools which is small and used for punching or piercing small holes. it is generally used in starting a nail or screw into hardwood. a. brad awlc. Auger b. gimletd. Cutter bit Test 11: Modified True or False Direction: Write the word true if the answer is true, and change the underline word of the statement if the answer is false. Write your answer on the space provided for. 1. Vice is a table to ol used to hold a piece of material rigidly secured in place to absorb severe elbows. _____________ 2. Compass is used in dividing distances into equal parts such as an arc and circumference including straight lines. ___________ 3. Scriber is made up of hard ended steel with a sharp point design to mark a fine lines. __________ 4. Clamps is effective in tightly pressing pieces of wood or metal together in making tenon, mortise and other joints. _________ 5. Fillester plane is used in cutting across the wood grain. _________ 6. Claw hammer is a hand tool with head and shank used for turning screws. ________ 7. Wrenches are tools with hand and jaw which may be fitted to the head of the nut used to tighten or loosen the bolts. __________ 8. Oil stone is used after the grinding operation to achieve a smooth and keen edge of the tools. ________ 9. Rough facing tools are also called striking tools. _________ 10. In carpentry we use Level both for guiding and testing the work to a vertical or horizontal position. _________ Test 111: Fill in the blank Direction: Choose the correct answer on the box and write it in the blank. Strength Hardness Durability Cleavability Wood Lumbering Skidding Bucking Board Heart Shakes| 1. The defects in wood that is usually occur at the starting point of the limb or branch Of the wood is called the ___________. 2. The _________ are radial cracks originating at the heart of the logs. 3. We used the term _________ to the operation performed in preparing wood for commercial purposes. . The process of sawing into smaller pieces after the removal of the branches is what we called the _________. 5. Te term ________ means that pieces of logs are moved to an assembly area, loaded to transport equipment then carried out of the forest to a sawmill. 6. As applied to wood, ________ means the ability to resist decay or simply the end of its life under a given condition. 7. The resistance of the wood to cleavage along the grains is the _________. 8. ________ is expressed as resistance to indentation or to the saw or axe across the grain. . A ________ is a fibrous substance which compose s the trunk and branches of a tree that lies between the pitch and the bark. 10. In the preparation of wood, ________ is a piece of lumber less than 1-1/2 inches thick and at least 4 inches wide. Test 1V: Identification Direction: Identify the correct answer to the statement below. 1. ________ the kind of tool used for marking and testing work which has 90 degree angle. 2. ________ is a tool which has a combination of 45 and 90 degree angle. 3. ________ the longer and wider part of the framing square. . ________ this is the shorter and narrower part of the square. 5. ________ the point of the square which the tongue and body meet on the outside edge. 6. ________ is a device used as guide of the handsaw in cutting objects to form a miter joint. 7. ________ a metal tool used to check or obtain a vertical line. 8. ________ double bevel square used to divide an angle in a complicated work in one setting. 9. ________ a marking tool with round head used for marking rough works. 10. ______ _ is a kind of marking tool that is used to inscribe an arc or a circle. How to cite Rizal Chapter 22, Papers

Gender Equality Boost Economic Growth

Question: Describe about the Gender Equality for Boost Economic Growth. Answer: In this research paper, I will be vividly discussing the impact of gender equality on economic growth and development. With the progressive attitude of the society, women nowadays are playing a significant role in economic development of a country. As per the opinion of Alderman and Yemtsov (2013), the growing importance of gender equality has focused towards both education and employment equality of females. In modern day scenario, females have overcome certain geographical, financial, family responsibilities and child care like stereotyped barriers to progress in the fields of their choice. They not only work shoulder to shoulder to male but also add economic development to their career and organization. It is a prior obligation in todays corporate world to provide jobs by qualification, education, and experience; rather than focusing on gender biases. Benera et al. (2015) commented that gender equality not only contributes to enhancing productivity and economic growth but countrie s and organizations those achieved in gender equality had maximized their economic potentiality and competitiveness. The organizations should also open up field jobs positions for women irrespective of thinking about any gender biases. In this paper, I will provide certain evidence and reviews that will help in understanding the impact of unbiased gender impartiality on economic growth and development. According to Chant and Sweetman (2012), decades ago, there was a high percentage of gender inequalities among all global countries. The gender inequality prevailed in all the sectors such as education, employment, salary scale, and promotions. At those times, women were supposed to take care of their families, indulge them in child care and refrain themselves from any work or education. It, therefore, resulted in non-contribution of women in the economic development of a country or organization. Even more, the organizations and world economy suffered stagnancy in their development due to similar and paralleled intelligence, rationality, and viewpoint from male counterparts. Cornwall and Rivas (2015) mentioned that the innovativeness, pioneering and ground-breaking ideas and thoughts were falling short off due to non-involvement of women in business and industries. Till date, there are certain areas where gender gap persists. But, with time, the gender gaps across the regions are redu cing rapidly, and women are working hard in providing a significant contribution to global economic development. I have compared the different reviews from the past and present regarding womens impact and contribution towards economic development. Dabla-Norris et al. (2015) stated that statistical reports have shown that the South Asian, Middle East, Sub-Saharan Africa and North African countries have achieved a good progress towards gender equality. Women belonging from these regions are competing well in all sectors of education, corporate jobs, entertainment and field jobs. Hence, this approach of women ensures both economic development and progression in living standard of people. In this research work, I will be conferring and assessing certain evidence that will emphasize more on gender equality. I will also extend my discussion on the contribution of gender equality in all sectors of employment that impacts to economic development and growth. As opined by Elborgh-Woytek et al. (2013), gender equality enhances and improves human capital that contributes to economic development. The highly educated females are capable of undertaking high-value earning economic activities. They have an innovative way of thinking and rationalizing decisions taken in an organization. Their competitiveness and dedication towards their work is impeccable and hence relishes success due to their commitment towards work. Moreover, as opined by Gonzales, M.C., Jain-Chandra et al. (2015), due to gender equality, it motivates other females in the society to pursue education and have a personal earning career. I have seen that certain African and Asiatic countries, with the improvement i n gender equality, more females are getting educated and seeking out in having a career. A study has revealed a fact that the female education rate in Sub-Saharan countries has raised from 0.38% to .81% in the last decade (Hughes et al. 2015). This economic advancement and growth have a positive impact on the society. Women are likely to take fewer children, unlike the past that helped in declination of population growth. As a result, it contributes to lowering of global food scarcity and economic inequality across the world. Jayachandran (2014) also had an opinion that gender equality also contributes towards high labor productivity that also eventually aids to economic development and progression. With the improvement in womens participation in labor markets, the overall scenario of monetary progression is making headway towards success. I have seen that the female participation in labor market is increasing considerably and is significantly impacting on global financial scale. The product based markets have become more competitive and viable with fostering of gender inequality. Female entrepreneurs use their exclusive and feasible experiences and knowledge to make their organizations reach high in revenue collection that makes impact on global economy. According to Kabeer and Natali (2013), there are still certain unwritten discriminations in certain parts of the world regarding female entrepreneurship. In these areas, treatment of women is different to that of men in terms of admission to institutions , property rights, taxation, access to credit and their ability in starting up a business. But, with the equal involvement of women in organizations and entrepreneurship in developed and rapidly developing countries is surely encouraging woman from under-developed and slowly developing countries to get educated and become economically independent. With the change in time, I have noticed that women discrimination rate is reducing significantly from 2.1% to 0.65% in certain Asiatic and African countries (Kinoshita and Guo 2015). This women discrimination impedes progression in economic development; hence it has to be eradicated from the society as soon as possible. In addition to this, Leclaire (2015) stated that gender equality fosters high agricultural productivity that also reduces comprehensive economic growth and development. Gender inequality or discrimination makes agricultural productivity stagnant to maximum extent. It is due to the fact that women do not have the opportunity to make the best use of resources like fertilizer, labor and credit extension. The overall agricultural responsibility falls on men that considerably reduces the overall productivity of food grains; hence low contribution towards global good production. So, it is necessary to involve women in agricultural productivity. According to Licumba et al. (2015), the low-income countries, those are depending more on agriculture than industries should engage women in agricultural activities. It will definitely elevate the production of grains and other food materials; that will eventually bring into more family income. Moreover, social institutions those are providing train ing to farmers for better usage of machines and fertilizers should also engage women in these sessions. So, cooperating with each other both male and female farmers can engage together in agricultural production that will enhance their family income along with reduce global food production. As a result, it will definitely improve their financial and living status (Nabi et al. 2016). I have noticed that nowadays certain Asiatic and Saharan Africa countries are engaging women in agricultural activities and are definitely contributing towards economic development. While conducting this research work, I came across the fact that with improved gender equality, investment in physical capital also increases. As mentioned by Ratha (2013), with the increased engagement of both men and females in semi-industrialized countries, the overall productivity increases with the productive workforce. Women should be given equal power, position and facility for enhancing their contribution and usage of knowledge in field work sections like construction, manufacturing, hard-core sales and heavy production industries and factories. These increased opportunities to women not only generate growth but also increases the predictable rate of returns. As a result, this increased growth also enables countries and organizations to adopt highly dynamic and productive technologies. As opined by Razavi and Turquet (2016), through enhanced technologies, it also aims towards improving female wages; that also improves savings and high lifestyle of general civilians. Both male and female can contribute equally to the household expenses that impact greatly on overall household savings. Even more, I have also came across that in certain Asiatic and African countries, the overall household income and savings rate have enhanced due to equal involvement of men and women at workplace. It, therefore, results in improved global economic and standard of living of the global citizens. Roberts (2015) commented that with enhancement in gender equality, the economic status of a country stabilizes and is more open and flexible towards trading and business. Previously, due to discrimination against women, they were barred from participating in any kind of trade and business sectors. It, therefore, localized and put into stagnant the overall business. The same outlooks, opinions and perceptive were circulating within the several organizations; those were impacting negatively on the overall economic and social development of the countries. But, as stated by Roberts and Soederberg (2012), with the encouragement of gender equality, it is seen that stability in global economy has also been improved. Innovative and path-breaking ideas, thoughts, opinions and viewpoints towards any business adoption or change are coming across with women involvement. Females are well manipulative and can even take-up risks that help in achieving great success to the organizations. Moreover, w omen are quite progressive towards savings hat also helps in maintaining overall household expenses ad also leverage the quality of living. I have learned that better will be the gender equality; development in all sectors of life will be enhanced. While I was conducting more research on gender equalitys impact on economic development; I came across the fact that due to advancement in gender equality, infrastructural development gets improved. Even more, I also learned that with gender equality, political condition of a country becomes stable and less prone towards crime. According to Ruel et al. (2013), women mainly emphasizes on the overall infrastructure of a country in both rural and urban areas to cater the needs and requirements of people. They tend to bring into several tenders and contracts for building and modification of infrastructure across the countries. It helps facilitating easy movement of products and goods from one place to other and easily connects the urban and rural regions. It, therefore, results in reducing expenditure on transportation and hence tends to economic as well as communal development. Moreover, Seguino and Weree (2014) stated that women occupying influential positions in a country also lead to additional growth and development within it. The rules, regulations and laws are so made that ensures women safety at workplace. It also emphasizes on reduction of wage or income inequality and encourages providing equal opportunities to women having same experience, skills, education and talents required for that position. This approach not only helps in political stability within a country but also helps in progression of women. Hence, ultimately, the economic growth of a country gets improved that positively influences the global economic standard and reduces global inequality of economic status (Razavi and Turquet, 2016). This essay conveys the message of improvement of gender equality that helps in improving both societal and financial conditions of the world. I have learned that through greater achievement in gender equality, the rate of education and employment rate increases. It also helps in increasing productivity in industries, factories and agricultural sectors that also improves the countrys economic condition. Moreover, with gender equality, infrastructural facilities also get improved that also contributes to greater savings of the people in transporting. Along with this, with improvement in gender equality, women also enjoy the same facility in working in organizations and become financially independent. With the innovativeness in approach and risk taking capacity, women tend to elevate organizational positions to a prestigious level. It helps not only in making organizations productive and economically strong but also enhances the savings on organizational resources. Women tend to introdu ce modern appliances and techniques within organizations to make the best use of resources and look forward to non-wastage of resources. I have utilized several pieces of evidence in this research paper that support my approach towards women equality. I have also showcased certain statistical information that also supported my viewpoint that women equality enhances the economic progression of a country as well as to the entire globe. References Alderman, H. and Yemtsov, R., 2013. How Can Safety Nets Contribute to Economic Growth?.The World Bank Economic Review, p.lht011. Benera, L., Berik, G. and Floro, M., 2015.Gender, development and globalization: economics as if all people mattered. Routledge. Chant, S. and Sweetman, C., 2012. Fixing women or fixing the world? Smart economics, efficiency approaches, and gender equality in development. Gender Development,20(3), pp.517-529. Cornwall, A. and Rivas, A.M., 2015. From gender equality and womens empowerment to global justice: reclaiming a transformative agenda for gender and development.Third World Quarterly,36(2), pp.396-415. Dabla-Norris, M.E., Kochhar, M.K., Suphaphiphat, M.N., Ricka, M.F. and Tsounta, E., 2015.Causes and consequences of income inequality: a global perspective. International Monetary Fund. Elborgh-Woytek, M.K., Newiak, M.M., Kochhar, M.K., Fabrizio, M.S., Kpodar, K., Wingender, M.P., Clements, M.B.J. and Schwartz, M.G., 2013.Women, work, and the economy: Macroeconomic gains from gender equity. International Monetary Fund. Gonzales, M.C., Jain-Chandra, S., Kochhar, M.K. and Newiak, M.M., 2015.Fair Play:: More Equal Laws Boost Female Labor Force Participation. International Monetary Fund. Hughes, C., Bolis, M., Fries, R. and Finigan, S., 2015. Women's economic inequality and domestic violence: exploring the links and empowering women.Gender Development,23(2), pp.279-297. Jayachandran, S., 2014.The roots of gender inequality in developing countries(No. w20380). National Bureau of Economic Research. Kabeer, N. and Natali, L., 2013. Gender Equality and Economic Growth: Is there a Winà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Win?.IDS Working Papers,2013(417), pp.1-58. Kinoshita, Y. and Guo, F., 2015. What can boost female labor force participation in Asia?. Leclaire, J., 2015. Women and Investment: The Role of Fiscal Policy. International Journal of Political Economy,44(4), pp.296-310. Licumba, E.A., Dzator, J. and Zhang, J.X., 2015. Gender equality in education and economic growth in selected Southern African countries.The Journal of Developing Areas,49(6), pp.349-360. Nabi, G., Wei, S. and Ghous, G., 2016. Do we have proportionate gender in policy making? A study based on key government institutions of saarc region.Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems,14(1), pp.39-51. Ratha, D., 2013. The impact of remittances on economic growth and poverty reduction.Policy Brief,8, pp.1-13. Razavi, S. and Turquet, L., 2016. Progress of the worlds women 20152016: Transforming economies, realizing rights.Global Social Policy,16(1), pp.86-93. Roberts, A. and Soederberg, S., 2012. Gender equality as smart economics? A critique of the 2012 World Development Report.Third World Quarterly, 33(5), pp.949-968. Roberts, A., 2015. The Political Economy of Transnational Business Feminism Problematizing The Corporate-Led Gender Equality Agenda.International Feminist Journal of Politics,17(2), pp.209-231. Ruel, M.T., Alderman, H. and Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group, 2013. Nutrition-sensitive interventions and programmes: how can they help to accelerate progress in improving maternal and child nutrition?.The Lancet,382(9891), pp.536-551. Seguino, S. and Weree, M., 2014. Gender, development and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of African Economies,23(suppl 1), pp.i18-i61.